Autonomous Orbit Changing and Out-of-the Orbit to Interstellar Point Maneuvering: A Novel Concept

Abstract

A satellite, throughout its operational lifetime, typically follows a pre-defined orbit, which restricts its ability to observe only specific regions on Earth. This paper explores methods by which a satellite can modify its current orbit and transition to a newly defined trajectory to expand its coverage and increase the number of observable locations on Earth’s surface. Furthermore, the paper describes how a satellite can temporarily depart from its orbital regime and travel into deep space for the purpose of observing astronomical events before returning to its designated orbit. To support these advanced maneuvers, a conceptual framework for trajectory planning is presented, detailing the sequence of operations required for seamless orbital changes and deep-space excursions. The entire process including transitioning to a new orbit, conducting interstellar observations, and autonomously returning to the original orbits designed to be executed automatically once an appropriate trigger or mission command is received. Additionally, the paper discusses the potential advantages, limitations, and technical challenges associated with such autonomous orbital and deep-space operations.