Advanced Power Management in CubeSats: Optimization of Solar Harvesting and Energy Storage Technologies

Abstract

The miniaturization of satellite technology has led to the emergence of CubeSats as a cost-effective platform for a wide range of applications, including scientific research, Earth observation, and communication. These small satellites offer unique advantages, such as lower launch costs and rapid deployment; however, efficient power resource management remains a critical challenge. Limited energy supply and varying power demands complicate the operational effectiveness of CubeSats. This research paper explores advanced solar harvesting techniques and energy storage systems specifically tailored for CubeSats. We investigate innovative approaches to optimize power management systems through a combination of simulation models and experimental validation. Key areas of focus include the utilization of novel photovoltaic materials that promise higher efficiency and lighter weight, which are essential for the limited space available in CubeSats. Additionally, we delve into the implementation of maximum power point tracking (MPPT) algorithms, which enhance energy extraction from solar panels under varying environmental conditions. Moreover, we examine the latest advancements in battery technologies, including lithium-sulfur and solid-state batteries, which provide improved energy density and longevity compared to conventional options. Our findings indicate that the integration of these advanced solar harvesting and energy storage systems can significantly enhance energy efficiency, extend operational lifetimes, and improve overall mission outcomes for CubeSats. This research not only addresses existing power management challenges but also lays the groundwork for future developments in small satellite technology, ultimately contributing to the effectiveness of various space missions.