Aerodynamic Panel Shape Optimization for CubeSats to Reduce Chaotic Motion in Lower Earth Orbit

Abstract

CubeSats are increasingly employed in various low-Earth orbit (LEO) missions. However, their stability is often compromised by chaotic motion induced by aerodynamic disturbances and the deployment of appendages, such as solar panels or fins. Addressing these challenges is critical to ensuring mission reliability and extending operational lifetimes. This study explores the aerodynamic performance and stability implications of deployable fin geometries for CubeSats, where two configurations of square-shaped and elliptical fins are chosen for analysis. Using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations under identical boundary conditions, velocity fields, flow structures, and turbulence intensity around the CubeSat have been examined. The results reveal that elliptical fins produce smoother flow patterns with reduced velocity gradients, minimizing turbulence and enhancing stability. In contrast, square fins exhibit higher turbulence intensity, which could promote chaotic motion. By establishing the aerodynamic advantages of elliptical fin designs, this work not only provides actionable insights for stabilizing CubeSats in LEO but also offers a framework for optimizing fin geometries to mitigate chaotic behavior. These findings lay the foundation for future advancements in CubeSat design, enabling improved aerodynamic performance and stability in dynamic orbital environments.